Question

Localised inflammatory response at the sight of infection producing redness, swelling, pain and heat is due to
A. Histamine and cerumen
B. Prostaglandins and histamine
C. Cerumen and prostaglandins
D. cerumen and mucus.

Answer 1

When the body is injured, the allergen activated mast cell released two components. One is mediated the immediate inflammatory response to injury, and another one is mediated the delayed phase of the response.

Complete Answer:
To answer this question, first, we need to know the inflammation. Inflammation, a response triggered by damage to living tissues. The inflammatory response is a defense mechanism that developed in advanced organisms to save themselves from injury or infection. Its function is to limit and discharge the harmful agent and to eliminate harmed tissue particles and then the body can start to cure or heal.
Now, let us find the solution from the option.
In localized inflammation, redness and heat can occur because of increased blood transfer at body core temperature to the inflamed site, swelling is occurred by growth of fluid, and pain is occurred because of the secretion of chemicals like prostaglandin and histamine that are produced by the mast cell.

Histamine is developed from mast cells and basophils; these are kept in functioning granules, and are secreted to the stimuli; these result in arterial dilation and rise venous permeability.

Prostaglandins are developed from mast cells; they are eicosanoid and result in fever, vasodilation and pain. Therefore, localized inflammatory response at the sight of infection producing redness, swelling, pain and heat is due to prostaglandin and histamine.

Thus, the correct option is B. i.e. Prostaglandins and histamine.

Note: The redness, swelling, pain and heat which are symptoms of acute inflammation. Inflammation is when a tissue reacts to injury or infection. Mast cells are present in tissues and they play a main role in the beginning of inflammation. It is resulting in initiating many other cells to the location of infection. Histamine secreted from the mast cells via exocytosis that raises the blood flow to that region. So, the instant secretion of histamine developed redness and swelling due to inflammation. Prostaglandin is another chemical which also mediates inflammation and develops these symptoms.