Question

Lamarck belongs to
(a) England
(b) France
(c) Sweden
(d) Austria

Answer 1

This is the country whose capital is Paris which is a very beautiful place where the Eiffel tower is situated. This is the country that has gifted the Statue of Liberty to America.

Complete answer:
Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a great French naturalist philosopher and biologist who proposed the theory of individual acquire characters to explain the process of natural selection. He was born in the year 1744 and died in 1829. He was the first to give a scientific explanation of the mechanism of evolution. He had mentioned his theory in his famous book Philosophic Zoologique which was published in 1809. His theory is known as Lamarckism that can be expressed as follows:

1. Spontaneous generation and increase in size: according to him, lower organisms are capable of spontaneous generation which leads them to increase their size.
2. Direct effect of the environment: on the modification of structures of an organism-environment has a direct effect.due to change in environment the need for organisms also changes and these new needs result in changes of habit.
3. Use and disuse: in a changing environment any result in the modification of some structures. Those structures which are used more and more will develop and those which are not used much will get reduced.
4. Inheritance of acquired characters: according to the inheritance of acquired characters, individuals acquire characters under influence of needs as posed as changing environmental conditions; these characters are inherited.
   He explained the evolution of the long-necked giraffes from short- necked giraffes based on his theory.
   So, the correct answer is, '(b) France'.

Note: Lamarckism can be explained easily in the following way:
- Increase in the size of an organism and its parts up to a certain limit is caused by inner forces.
- Change of environment has a direct effect on organisms and this results in new habits.
- New habits lead to the use and disuse of organs.
- Organs which are in constant use develop properly and provide rise to acquired characters.
- Acquired characters are inherited resulting in new types of individuals.