Question

Label the diagram and write down the details of the concept in your word.

Answer 1

The given diagram is of a cell organelle that is involved in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) production. It is also commonly called the powerhouse of the cell. It is a double-walled organelle having a liquid in it. These organelles float in the cytoplasm of most of the eukaryotic cells. These are also called the digestive systems of the cell.

Complete answer:
The given image is of mitochondria (mitochondrion for singular). It is a double membrane-bound organelle that can form the energy molecule of cells called ATP. The mitochondria are also involved in the digestion of nutrients in the cell. It breaks down nutrients into energy molecules. Most of the biochemical reactions involved in cellular respiration occur within mitochondria. The term mitochondria are made up of two words that are “mitos” meaning thread and “chondrion” meaning granules. It was discovered by a German pathologist named Richard Altmann in 1890.

Mitochondria are rod-shaped structures present in all of the eukaryotic cells. The structure of the mitochondria consists of double membranes. The inner membrane and outer membrane, both are made of proteins and phospholipids. But the outer membrane has some specialized proteins called porins. This membrane is permeable to ions, energy molecules like ATP and ADP, and nutrients. The inner membrane or cristae is more complex than the outer membrane. It has several folds that form structures called cristae. These structures help in increasing the surface area inside the mitochondria. Also, the inner membrane is the site for the production of various energy molecules especially ATP. The inner membrane is only permeable to ATP. These are separated by intermembrane space filled with fluid. The size of the diameter of the mitochondrion ranges from 0.5-1.0 micrometer. The inner space of the mitochondria inner to internal membrane consists of a gel-like material called the mitochondrial matrix. The matrix consists of ribosomes, mitochondrial DNA, inorganic ions, and nucleotide cofactors.

Note: The most essential function of mitochondria is to make energy for the cell. It is made through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria also promote the healthy growth of new cells and aids in cell multiplication. Mitochondria play a significant role in self-programmed cell death or apoptosis.