Question

‘Karyotaxonomy’ is a modern branch of classification, which is based on:
(a) Type and arrangement of chromosomes
(b) Trinomial nomenclature
(c) Organic evolution
(d) None of these

Answer 1

Karyotaxonomy is a modern way of classifying the organisms based on their long DNA molecule with a part or all the genetic material to identify an individual's chromosome complement, including the number of chromosomes and any anomalies.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
‘Karyotaxonomy’ is a modern branch of classification, which is based on the type and arrangement of chromosomes. It helps to determine an individual’s chromosomal companions including types, numbers, or any abnormalities that can be transferred.
Karyotypes can be used for many purposes, such as researching chromosomal aberrations, cellular structure, taxonomic relationships, medicine, and gathering information (karyo systematics) about past evolutionary events.
Classification is the scientific ordering of organisms in a hierarchical series of groups based on their morphological, evolutionary, and other related. The process of categorizing different organisms, based on some easily observable characters is known as classification. The branch which deals with the study of principles and procedure of classification of variety is known as taxonomy. Systematics is the science which deals with the diversity of organisms and all their comparative and evolutionary relationships.
So, the answer is ‘(a) Type and arrangement of chromosomes’.

Note: - Classical taxonomy is based on the morphological characters whereas the new systematics/ biosystematics is based on all characters i.e., morphology, cytological, ecological, biochemical, genetical, etc. - The analysis of entire sets of chromosomes is known as karyology. - In the somatic cells of a person or a species, the specific number of chromosomes is called the somatic number and is designated as 2n. The chromosome number in the germ-line (sex cells) is n (humans: n = 23). So, 2n = 46 in humans.