Question

_____ is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of $1g$ water through $1^\circ C$.

Answer 1

In order to solve this question we need to understand heat flow. Heat is the thermal energy which only flows due to temperature difference between the system and surrounding. There are three methods of heat flow, one is conduction in which heat flows due to atoms vibration and exchange of heat occurs through phonons of vibration, another is convection in which heat transports through matter exchange like convection current flows in summer, and third is radiation in which heat flows due to exchange of photons in this heat flow like in blackbody radiation.

Complete step by step answer:
Latent heat is the internal energy of the body during phase transitions. For Water first it is in solid state at $0^\circ C$ but when it heated it undergoes phase transition and with latent heat energy it changes to liquid state but water density below $4^\circ C$ is higher than water density above $4^\circ C$.So quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of $m = 1g$ water through $1^\circ C$ is given by,
$Q = mL$
Where $Q$ is specific heat

So Specific heat is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of $1g$ water through $1^\circ C$.

Note: It should be remembered that phase transition of water at both $0^\circ C$ and $100^\circ C$ are first order transitions so entropy and volume are discontinuous at boundary and specific heat at constant volume is not defined. But specific heat at constant pressure is defined, and Gibbs free energy is continuous at the boundary. Entropy is defined as disorder in a system and mathematically it is defined as heat exchange per unit temperature.