Question

Is ${H_2}C{O_3}$ a polar molecule?

Answer 1

Molecules are the combination of atoms, one carbon atom, two hydrogen atoms, and three oxygen atoms forming a molecule known as carbonic acid. The molecular formula of carbonic acid is ${H_2}C{O_3}$ , the bonds in carbonic acid were not balanced. Thus, there is a polarity or movement of electrons.

Complete answer:
Carbonic acid is represented by a chemical formula of ${H_2}C{O_3}$ consisting of elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It can be prepared by dissolving carbon dioxide in water. The valence electrons of carbon is $4$ and the valence electrons of hydrogen is $1$ , as there were two hydrogen atoms, the valence electrons were $2$ , oxygen has $6$ valence electrons, as there were three oxygen atoms, the valence electrons were $18$ valence electrons. Thus, the total valence electrons n carbonic acid were $18 + 2 + 4 = 24$
Out of these $24$ valence electrons, $12$ valence electrons were involved in bonding electrons, and remaining electrons exist as lone pairs on three oxygen atoms in carbonic acid. The two $C - O$ bonds are two dipoles which will not equal the magnitude of a dipole of $C = O$ . Thus, there is a dipole moment in the carbonic acid molecule. The presence of a dipole moment makes the molecule a polar molecule.
The structure of carbonic acid is:

Thus, ${H_2}C{O_3}$ a polar molecule is a polar molecule.h

Note:
Carbonic acid is a weak acid as it has two hydroxyl groups with the lone pair of electrons on the oxygen atoms. It is a conjugate acid of hydrogen carbonate; it is a dibasic acid due to the presence of two $- OH$ groups. It can also be known as chalco carbonic acid.