Question

Is Amide polar or nonpolar?

Answer 1

In organic chemistry, an amide is an organic compound with the chemical formula $R(CO)NR'R''$ where $R$ , $R'$ and $R''$ represent the organic groups or hydrogen atoms. It is a derivative of carboxylic acids. Polar and nonpolar compounds can be determined by electronegativity between the two atoms.

Complete answer:
Depending on the electronegativity of the two atoms sharing electrons. When there is electronegativity difference, electrons are not shared equally and development of partial ionic charges takes place.
The greater the electronegativity difference, the more ionic the bond is. The electron pair is displaced towards the more electronegative atom. They are called polar covalent bonds.
On the other hand, when the electronegativity difference is equal i.e. electrons are equally shared. They are called nonpolar covalent bonds.
Amides are polar due to the presence of carbonyl group and nitrogen is present which is pretty electronegative. Due to the electronegativity of the Nitrogen atom, both the $C - N$ and the $N - H$ bonds are polar. The tendency of the $N{H_2}$ group of the amide for hydrogen bonding is more as compared to carboxylic $OH$ group. Amides are more polar than carboxylic acids.

Note:
Generally, Amides have a high boiling point and melting point. Due to the polar nature of amide groups and their tendency to form hydrogen bonds, that results in their solubility in water. All simple amides are solid in nature except formamide $(HCON{H_2})$ which is liquid in nature. Also, the boiling point of amides is much higher than alcohol of the same molecular masses.