Question

Inhibition of gastric and stimulation of gastric secretion, pancreatic and bile secretion are controlled by
A. Gastrin, secretin, Enterokinin and CCK
B. Enterogastrin, gastrin, pancreozymin and CCK
C. Gastrin, Enterogastrone, CCK and pancreozymin
D. Secretin, Enterogastrone, Secretin and enterokinin

Answer 1

Bile Pigments: Bile pigments are the excretory products of liver. It includes biliverdin and bilirubin. Bile pigments are normally excreted within the faeces and make the faeces appear brown.

Complete answer:
The secretion of digestive fluid is controlled by both nerves and hormones. Stimuli within the brain, stomach, and little intestine activate or inhibit digestive juice production. There are three phases of gastric secretion called cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases.
The cephalic phase of gastric secretion takes place before food enters the stomach. The smell, taste, sight, or thought of food triggers this phase. It is a conditioned secretion due to a conditioned response. Depression and loss of appetite can suppress the cephalic reflex. The gastric phase lasts 3 to 4 hrs. It starts by the neural and hormonal mechanisms triggered by the entry of food into the stomach.
The intestinal phase has both excitatory and inhibitory elements. Duodenum plays a major role in regulating the stomach and its emptying. When partially digested food fills the duodenum, intestinal mucosal cells release a hormone called intestinal gastrin, which further excites digestive juice secretion.
The pancreas is a gland organ within the digestive and endocrine systems. As a secretor, it produces several hormones like insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. As a digestive organ, the pancreas secretes juice that contains digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients and digestion within the intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids within the chime.
The pancreas consists of pancreatic exocrine cells, whose ducts are arranged in clusters called acini. The pancreas could also be a dual-function gland, having features of both endocrine and exocrine glands. This function of pancreas is controlled by the hormones gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secrein, which are hormones secreted by cells within the stomach and duodenum in response to food.
Once released within the intestine, the enzyme enterokinase, which is produced by the intestinal mucosa, activates trypsinogen by cleaving it to make trypsin. The free trypsin then cleaves the remaining trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen to their active forms. Pancreatic secretions accumulate in small ducts that drain to the foremost channel that drains directly into the duodenum.
Bile acid-dependent component:
This may be produced by hepatocytes. They secrete bile acids, bile pigments and cholesterol into canaliculi. Bile acid-independent components are created by ductal cells lining the bile ducts. These cells secrete an alkaline solution.
When bile acids get conjugated with glycine and taurine bile salts are formed. The bile salts are rather more soluble than bile acids thus act as detergents to emulsify lipids. Bile salts are amphipathic and have a hydrophobic end (lipid-soluble) and a hydrophilic end (water-soluble) which helps bile salts in emulsifying fats into smaller droplets.
Bile acids coat products of lipid breakdown, cholesterol and phospholipids thus forming spherical structures called micelles which play a really important role within the digestion of fats and transport their contents to the intestinal epithelium.

Therefore, the correct option is (B), enterogastrin, gastrin, pancreozymin and CCK.

Note:
Bile is continuously produced, however since it's needed during and after meals hence gallbladder concentrates and stores it. After a meal, cholecystokinin is released from the duodenum which stimulates gallbladder contraction and relaxes the sphincter of Oddi, further allowing bile to flow into the duodenum.