Question

Industrial melanism as observed in peppered moth proves that
A. The dark melanic form of the moth has no selective advantage over lighter form in industrial area
B. The lighter-form moth has no selective advantage either in polluted industrial area or non-polluted area
C. Melanism is a pollution-generated feature
D. The lighter form moth has an advantage in the non-polluted area but the dark moth has the advantage in the polluted area.

Answer 1

Generally, two forms of moth lighter form and dark form after the industrialisation, white peppered moth used to sit in the lichen-less tree-bark where it is easily identified by the predators. But the black peppered moths can easily hide.

Complete answer:
The cause of air pollution is industrialisation and domestic coal fires. Peppered Moths are normally white with black speckles (and the black forms called melanic) all over the wings. It assists camouflaged against lichen-covered tree trunks when it rests on them during the day.
It is killed off lichens and blackened urban tree trunks and walls. the pale form of the moth that was apparent to predators, while the melanic form was better camouflaged and more likely to survive and produce offspring. So the lighter form moth has used in the non-polluted area but the dark moth has used in the polluted area.
In option (A) The dark melanic form of moth has advantages in polluted areas and they reduce the air pollution so this option is not correct.
In option (B) The lighter form of moth has an advantage in non-polluted areas; it's more obvious to predators so this option is not correct.
In option (C) Melanism is used to describe the evolutionary process so this option is not correct.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Additional information:
The origin of Black melanic form arose by recurring random mutation, but its phenotype appearance has strong selective advantage in industrial areas. In towns and cities, it was actually the black form of the moth that was more common than the pale peppered form and its help in air pollution.

Note: its help in reducing air pollution and as the air quality improved tree trunks became cleaner and lichen growth increased.