Question

In which of the following processes, human excreta is completely converted to vermicakes?
A. Vermicomposting
B. Vermi-processing toilets
C. Biogas production
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint:- Animal waste (or human excreta) refers to the human digestive system's waste products and human digestion, including faeces and urine. Human waste is collected, transported, treated and disposed of or reused by one process or another as part of a sanitation scheme that is in operation, depending on the type of toilet being used.

Complete solution:
Vermicompost (vermi-compost) is the result of the decomposition process to produce a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding products, and vermicast using different species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms.

Vermi-processing toilets are the construction of a toilet in which earthworms handle human excreta. Human excreta is completely processed into cake like structures called vermi cakes by earthworms in this process. As compost and fertiliser, vermi cakes are often used in the soil.

Biogas is the mixture of gases produced in the absence of oxygen by the breakdown of organic matter, consisting primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. Raw materials such as agricultural waste, compost, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, renewable waste or food waste can be used to generate biogas.

So from these discussions we can conclude that Vermi-processing toilets are used to convert human excreta into Vermicakes. Therefore the correct answer is option (B).

Additional information:
The sanitation schemes in place vary greatly around the globe, with many people in developed nations needing to revert, for lack of any alternatives, to open defecation, where human waste is collected in the atmosphere. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) developments across the globe are a crucial public health challenge in international development and are the subject of Sustainable Development Target 6.

Flush toilets where human waste is combined with water and transferred to sewage treatment facilities prefer to be used by people in developing countries.
It is possible to dispose of children's excreta in diapers and combine it with urban solid waste. Diapers are often poured directly into the water often, resulting in threats to public health.

Note:-
In certain regions of the developed world where fresh water is scarce, human waste in the form of wastewater (sewage) is used to irrigate and fertilise crops. As long as there is ample knowledge on the hazards of consuming such food uncooked, there is a tremendous opportunity for wastewater farming to provide more food for consumers in urban regions.
Human waste, since it is a vector for both infectious and bacterial infections, is called a biowaste. If it gets into drinking water supplies, it can be a significant health threat. The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) estimates that about 2.2 million people die every year from polluted water-induced diseases. The reduction of disease transmission through human waste through the practise of hygiene and sanitation, which can employ a number of different technologies, has been a major achievement of human society.