Question

In which ART technique the semen artificially introduced into the female
a. ET
b. IUI
c. IUT
d. GIFT

Answer 1

Assisted reproductive technology or ART is a technique used to treat infertility through artificial fertilization. In this process, both a woman's egg and a man's sperm are handled. The technique of ART may also be used in surrogacy arrangements. The most common and effective type of ART is the invitro fertilization technique.

Complete answer:
Infertility refers to the inability to give birth to a child naturally. It has become a common and serious problem which is growing day by day due to several types of biological, physical and environmental effects. The cases of infertility can be found in both men and women. There are several reasons for infertility.

With the help of developed scientific techniques and mechanisms, infertility can be treated successfully. ART is Assisted reproductive technology. There are a number of different methods to help in fertilization artificially, like in vitro fertilization, surrogacy, and fertility medications.

This technique functions by removing eggs from a woman's body and then the eggs are fertilised with the male sperm which leads to the production of fertilised embryos. After the formation of the embryos, it is implanted or put back in the uterus of the female body.

Option A: ET refers to the technique of embryo transfer. In vitro fertilization is a technique used in the process of ART. In this fertilization, a male gamete or spermatozoon and a female gamete or ovum met outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body to form a zygote and later it transferred back to the female body.

Option B: The IUI is the intrauterine insemination. When the men are either unable to inseminate or bear very low sperm count then this technique is applied. In this technique of ART, initially the semen of a donor male is collected. After that, the semen is artificially lodged into the uterus of the female to allow the process of fertilisation.

Option C: After the completion of the IVF the embryo is transferred into the uterus with more than 8 blastomeres. This technique is known as IUT or intrauterine transfer.

Option D: GIFT is the short form of gamete intrafallopian transfer technique and is used in cases when females are unable to produce ova but able to provide a suitable environment for fertilization and develop the embryo in the oviducts. The ovum is fertilised outside the mother’s body and after fertilisation it is transplanted inside the uterus.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Due to various reasons, infertility has become a major issue in the life of a couple of present days. But science has developed various techniques to deal with this problem of infertility. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), GIFT, ZIFT, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) are a few important techniques of the ART or assisted reproductive technology which allows the fertilisation of the female and male gametes to form a developed zygote.