Question

In vitro repeated replication of selected DNA components is
A. Gene amplification
B. Gene replication
C. Gene synthesis
D. Pleiotropy

Answer 1

In conjunction with the remainder, gene amplification is the differential increase in a particular portion of the genome. This mechanism tends to be universal, occurring in most organisms, and both germline and somatic cells have also been shown to occur.

Complete answer:
Gene amplification- can be correlated with normal developmental processes or occur with either beneficial (or detrimental) as intermittent genetic events. More recently, amplification of the somatic cell gene in human cancers has been extensively studied. Amplification of proto-oncogenes may lead to tumorigenesis and/or tumor progression or contribute to it. In some cases, the amplified gene can be a helpful gene.
Gene replication- The bio-process by which DNA is "transformed" into protein is gene replication, while the bio-process by which the double-helix DNA mechanism is duplicated is DNA replication. Gene replication occurs all the time, with mind protein, which is derived from gene expression, present in the human body at all times.
Gene synthesis- To supply the building blocks for enzymatic assembly, all gene synthesis technologies rely on the chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides. The cyclical four-step phosphoramidite synthesis method is the most widely used method for oligonucleotide synthesis. The chemical synthesis of a DNA sequence that represents one or more genes is artificial gene synthesis. Although site-directed mutagenesis is regularly used by adding single base mutations to test biological theories, artificial gene synthesis offers a tool for generating long stretches of natural and non-natural nucleic acid sequences effectively, broadening the reach of biological experiments.
Pleiotropy- To advance our understanding of human biology and disease, pleiotropy plays a significant role. Data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) suggest that pleiotropy in the human genome is widespread. Not only does the characterization of these pleiotropic mechanisms help to understand the common genetic architecture between different diseases and characteristics, but it also leads to new insights into ophthalmic genetics.

Hence, the correct answer is (A) Gene amplification

Note:
Gene amplification can take place in situ, forming in the usual chromosomal position of the gene a so-called homogeneously staining region (HSR) (many copies of the gene are present as tandem repeats) or as so-called double minute chromosomes (extra chromosomal DNA fragments containing multiple copies of the amplified gene). When tumor cells are cultured in vitro, gene amplification may also occur as an artefact.