Question

In vehicles, catalytic converter are used to
(a)Increased mileage
(b)Convert ${CO}_{2}$ to carbonates
(c)Increased efficiency of lead petrol
(d)Convert CO to ${CO}_{2}$

Answer 1

They are an exhaust emission command device, which decreases the toxic gases and toxic waste in exhaust gas from an indoor combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by activating a redox reaction (an oxidation and a reduction reaction).

Complete answer:
Catalytic converter contains expensive metals like platinum- palladium and rhodium as catalysts which are fitted within the automobiles to scale back the emission of poisonous gases. When the exhaust passes through a catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons get converted into ${ CO }_{ 2 }$ and water, carbon monoxide gas is converted to carbon dioxide, and gas is converted to nitrogen gas.

Additional Information: Catalytic converters protect the free movement of exhaust, which negatively affects vehicle production and fuel economy, especially in older cars. Since initial cars' carburettors were incompetent of specific fuel-air mixture control, the cars' catalytic converters could overheat and ignite flammable materials under the car.
Catalyst poisoning takes place when the converter is revealed to exhaust, including matters that coat the working surfaces, in order that they cannot contact and react with the exhaust. The most remarkable pollutant is lead, so vehicles furnished with catalytic converters can run only on unleaded fuel. Further general catalyst poisons are containing sulfur, manganese, and silicon, which may enter the exhaust stream if the engine features a discharge that permits coolant into the combustion chamber. Phosphorus is another catalyst contaminant. Although phosphorus is no longer used in gasoline,
So, the correct answer is 'Convert CO to ${CO}_{2}$’.

Note: Catalytic converter prototypes were first designed in France at the end of the 19th century. Instead, catalytic converters are most ordinarily exerted to exhaust complexes in automobiles, they're also utilized on electrical generators, mining equipment, trucks, buses, motorcycles, and on ships. They are even used on some wood stoves to regulate emissions. This is often in response to government regulation, either through direct environmental regulation or through health and safety regulations.