Question

In the Kyoto protocol, the major nations agreed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by
A. 2008
B. 2010
C. 2012
D. 2018

Answer 1

Kyoto protocol is the international treaty that is created by the United nation framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC), by committing the major industrialized countries and economies to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases to tackle the problem of global warming.

Complete answer:
The Kyoto protocol was adopted in Kyoto, in Japan on 11 Dec 1997 and forced in 16feb 2005, it is associated with reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Currently, 192 parties are associated with it, this treaty applied to the six major greenhouse gases that are listed in Annex A carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbon, perfluorocarbons and Sulphur hexafluoride.

COP-7 at Marrakesh- rule for implementation was adopted called Marrakesh accord, the first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012, which is implemented for five years for greenhouse gases to reduce below 5 percent against 1990 level.
In 2012 Doha amended the 2nd commitment period starting from 2013 to 2020 which is implemented for 8 years, to reduce greenhouse gases below 8percent against 1990 level.

Under the Kyoto protocol, various kinds of systematic approaches were implemented to reduce greenhouse gases. Under annexure A develop nations included which have a standard of emission and under Annexure B develop nations included which have followed carbon emission trading limits.

Kyoto protocol lay down mechanisms such as joint implementation, clean development mechanism (CDM) and international emission trading (IET).

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Note: The first international summit was held in 1972 that was named as Stokholm submit which is known as people and environment submit, after this several major steps, several other conventions and treaties were implemented to tackle different environmental problems. Such ozone depletion, desertification, biodiversity conservation, CITES, Nagoya protocol, Montreal protocol, Earth summit, Brundtland commission for sustainable development and so on to protect the earth.