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Chemistry Question on Chemical Reaction

In the following reaction, identify the product D.
chemical reaction

A

o-Nitrobenzoic acid

B

p-Nitrobenzoic acid

C

o,p-Dinitrobenzoic acid

D

m-Nitrobenzoic acid

Answer

m-Nitrobenzoic acid

Explanation

Solution

The first step is the reduction of phenol (C6H5OH) to benzene (A) using Zn dust. In the second step, Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene (A) with methyl chloride (CH3Cl) in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 gives toluene (B). In the third step, oxidation of toluene (B) with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in acidic medium (H2SO4) forms benzoic acid (C). Finally, nitration of benzoic acid (C) with a mixture of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) leads to m-nitrobenzoic acid (D). Thus, the product D is m-Nitrobenzoic acid.\text{The first step is the reduction of phenol } (\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}) \text{ to benzene (A) using Zn dust.} \\\ \text{In the second step, Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene (A) with methyl chloride } (\text{CH}_3\text{Cl}) \text{ in the presence of anhydrous AlCl}_3 \text{ gives toluene (B).} \\\ \text{In the third step, oxidation of toluene (B) with potassium dichromate } (\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7) \text{ in acidic medium } (\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4) \text{ forms benzoic acid (C).} \\\ \text{Finally, nitration of benzoic acid (C) with a mixture of sulfuric acid } (\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4) \text{ and nitric acid } (\text{HNO}_3) \text{ leads to m-nitrobenzoic acid (D).} \\\ \text{Thus, the product D is m-Nitrobenzoic acid.}