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Question: In the figure, the capacitance \({C_1}\), \({C_2}\) and \({C_3}\)are joined to a battery with symbol...

In the figure, the capacitance C1{C_1}, C2{C_2} and C3{C_3}are joined to a battery with symbols having their usual meaning, the correct condition will be:

A) $${Q_1} = {Q_2} = {Q_3}{\text{ }}and{\text{ }}{V_1} = {V_2} = {V_3} + V$$  
B) ${Q_1} = {Q_2} + {Q_3}{\text{ }}and{\text{ }}V = {V_1} + {V_2} + {V_3}$  
C) ${Q_1} = {Q_2} + {Q_3}{\text{ }}and{\text{ }}V = {V_1} + {V_2}$  
D) ${Q_{_2}} = {Q_3}{\text{ }}and{\text{ }}{V_2} = {V_3}$
Explanation

Solution

This circuit consists of capacitors; the capacitor is a device used to store electrostatic energy. A capacitor is the combination of two conductors which contain equal and opposite charges such that the potential difference between the conductors is not affected by the presence of other conductors.

Complete step-by-step solution:
In this case, the total amount of charges entering the circuit from the positive terminal of the battery and enters in the first capacitor C1{C_1}, and then the charges splits equally into two wires C2{C_2} and C3{C_3}. The voltage in the first circuit is V1{V_1} and the voltage stored in the second capacitor is V2{V_2}and the voltage in the third capacitor is V3{V_3}.
At the first junction, the charge Q{Q_{}} will be equally divided into Q2{Q_2}and Q3{Q_3}
Hence, Q1=Q2+Q3{Q_1} = {Q_2} + {Q_3}
As the capacitor C2C_2 and C3C_3 are connected in parallel combination, therefore the potential on them will be equal in magnitude. That is V2=V3{V_2} = {V_3}
The total potential difference in the circuit is V which is divided into V1{V_1}, V2{V_2}, V3{V_3}
Therefore, we can write that
V=V1+V2V = {V_1} + {V_2}
⇒V1+V3\Rightarrow {V_1} + {V_3}

Hence,Answer: The correct option is (C).

Note: Potential difference: Mathematically potential difference is equal to voltage and it is the product of current and resistance of the circuit. The potential difference of a circuit is measured in Volts. It is the work done or the energy released in the transfer of a unit quantity of electricity from one point to the other.
This circuit combination obeys Kirchhoff’s 2nd law which states that the conservation of energy in a closed circuit. For a closed path the algebraic sum of all the voltage around any closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero.