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Question: In the compound \({C^1}{H_2} = {C^2} = {C^3}H = {C^4}{H_3}\), the hybridization of first, second car...

In the compound C1H2=C2=C3H=C4H3{C^1}{H_2} = {C^2} = {C^3}H = {C^4}{H_3}, the hybridization of first, second carbon atom is:
A)sp3sps{p^3} - sp
B) sp2sp3s{p^2} - s{p^3}
C) sp2sps{p^2} - sp
D) sp2sp2s{p^2} - s{p^2}

Explanation

Solution

We know that,
Hybridization:
Hybridization is the idea that atomic orbitals combine to form new hybridized orbitals which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties.
We know that the electrons which are present at the outermost shell of an atom are called valence electrons and valency of an electron is the number of electrons in which atom accepts or donate to form a bond.

Complete step by step answer:
Given,
The molecular formula of the compound is,
C1H2=C2=C3H=C4H3{C^1}{H_2} = {C^2} = {C^3}H = {C^4}{H_3}
In this compound each of two electrons of the central atom forms collinear spsp sigma bonds to the terminal sp2s{p^2} hybridized carbons. The two remaining electrons of the central carbon occupy p orbitals and form pi bonds through an overlap of these p orbitals and the p orbitals of the terminal carbons.
Thus the First carbon is sp2s{p^2} hybridized and second carbon is spsp hybridized.
Therefore option C is correct.

Note: The spsp Hybridization:
The spsp hybridization is practical when one s and one p orbital in the same shell of an atom mix to form two new equivalent orbitals. The new orbitals formed are called spsp hybridized orbitals. It forms linear molecules with an angle of 180180^\circ . This hybridization is also called diagonal hybridization. Each spsphybridized orbital has an equal amount of s and p character, i.e., 50%50\% s and p character.
The sp2s{p^2} Hybridization:
This hybridization is possible when one s and two p orbitals of the same shell of an atom mix to form three equivalent orbits. The new orbitals formed are called sp2s{p^2} hybrid orbitals. It is also called trigonal hybridization. Each of the hybrid orbitals formed has 33.33%33.33\% s character and 66.66%66.66\% ‘p’ character.