Question

In the cell cycle, during which phase, chromosomes are arranged in equatorial plate?
A. Metaphase
B. Anaphase
C. Telophase
D. Prophase

Answer 1

Hint:- Sexually reproducing organisms rely on the process of meiosis. This type of cell division is responsible for producing gametes that can be used for reproduction. In unicellular organisms, cell division is reproduction whereas; in multicellular it is defined as growth of tissues and maintenance.

Complete Answer:-
Meiosis: It is an intricate process that ensures that no two gametes are identical. Meiosis creates gametes (egg and sperm cells). Genetic information is exchanged between maternally and paternally inherited copies of a pair of chromosomes that leads to formation of new combinations of genes.
Meiosis has two parts which are meiosis I and meiosis II.
In meiosis I, each chromosome is replicated to yield a duplicated sister. Physical contact between chromatids may occur, leading to the formation of chiasmata. A chiasma occurs at least once per chromosome pair therefore, the parental haplotype becomes a new combination of initial maternal and paternal haplotypes. The cell division in meiosis I is named as reduction division because it leads to reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid. Meiosis II is called equational division. Two sperm cells split again producing four sperm cells, each with 23 or n chromosomes.
Meiosis I
Interphase I: The cell duplicates its nuclear material. Each homolog replicates, forming two identical sister chromatids.
Early Prophase I: Chromosomes become shorter and thicker and more easily stained. The sister chromatids are joined at the centromere. The nuclear envelope begins to disappear.
Late Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes line up next to at least one another during a process called synapsis. The nuclear envelope begins to disappear and spindle fibers begin to make at the poles of the cell.
Metaphase I: The pairs migrate to the equatorial plane of the cell. Spindle fully forms and attaches to centromeres.
Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes - each consisting of two sister chromatids held together by a centromere – separate and start to maneuver to the other poles of the cell, pulled by the shrinking spindle fibers.
Telophase I: Movement of homologous chromosomes to the poles is completed. The spindle disappears. Cytokinesis or cellular division occurs, producing two haploid (n) daughter cells, each with just one set of chromosomes (1n).

Meiosis II: This method is clone of a mitotic (somatic cell) division, during which genetic material is transmitted equally, identically, and without recombination to daughter cells. The haploid daughter cells with chromosomal combinations different from those originally present within the parent. In sperm cells, four haploid gametes are produced.

Interphase: Chromosomes uncoil into very thin threads and the nuclear envelope reappears.
Prophase II: Chromosomes again become condensed. The nuclear envelope begins to disintegrate.
Metaphase II: The chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plane and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres.
Anaphase II: The centromeres divide, effectively separating the sister chromatids, which move to the alternative poles as they're pulled by the spindle fibers.
Telophase II: Movement of chromosomes to the poles is completed thus the spindle disappears.

Reduction division	Equational division
It occurs in somatic cells	It occurs in germ cells
Nucleus divides only once	Nucleus divides twice
Daughter cells are diploid	Daughter cells are haploid
It occurs more frequently	It occurs less frequently
Daughter cells form somatic organs	Daughter cells form gametes
There is only 1 prophase, 1 metaphase, 1 anaphase, and 1 telophase	There are two of each phase and five sub-phases in prophase-I
Number of chromosomes aren't changed in the daughter cells	Number of chromosomes are reduced to half
Chromosome number doubles at the beginning of each cell division	Chromosome doubles after the end of 1st meiotic division

Therefore, the correct option is a, metaphase

Note:- Meiosis is a sort of cellular division that leads to half the conventional number of chromosomes in sex cells, or gametes, thus maintaining the chromosome number of a species from generation to generation.