Question

In some species, individuals forego reproduction and help bring up another individual's offspring. Such altruistic behaviour cannot be explained by which of the following?
A. An individual helps relatives only and gets indirect genetic benefits.
B. The individual benefits because it can later inherit the breeding position.
C. The individual benefits because it gets access to resources, such as food and security from the predator, in return.
D. The species benefits from a reduction in competition among offspring.

Answer 1

Altruism is a type of behavior, where one organism increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the doer. This behavior is commonly seen in kin relationships.

Complete answer: Altruism is a type of behavior, where one individual increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the doer. The term Altruism was given by French philosopher Auguste Comte.
-Altruistic behavior is commonly seen in kin relationships, just like parenting but is valid in wider groups of social insects. They permit an organism to build the achievement of its qualities by helping family members that share those qualities.
-Obligate altruism is the permanent loss of direct fitness, as worker honey bees forage for the colony. -Facultative altruism is a brief loss of direct wellness. For example, a Florida scrub-jay may help at the nest, then gain parental territory.
So, the correct option is C, i.e., the individual benefits because it gets access to resources, such as food and security from the predator, in return.

Note: Mutualism is an obligatory and mutually beneficial relationship that occurs between two interacting organisms. Both the interacting organisms fail to show normal growth in the absence of this association. Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthesizing algae or cyanobacteria.