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Question: In solvents like\(DMSO\), acetonitrile, \({{F}^{-}}\) ion of dissolved \(NaF\) is more reactive than...

In solvents likeDMSODMSO, acetonitrile, F−{{F}^{-}} ion of dissolved NaFNaF is more reactive than in methyl alcohol. Explain
A. CH3OHC{{H}_{3}}OH is more polar than DMSODMSO and CH3CNC{{H}_{3}}CN
B. CH3OHC{{H}_{3}}OH is less polar than DMSODMSO and CH3CNC{{H}_{3}}CN
C. Unsolved F−{{F}^{-}} ion is DMSODMSO or CH3CNC{{H}_{3}}CN acts more effectively as nucleophile
D. −OH-OH group is better leaving group than F−{{F}^{-}} ion

Explanation

Solution

In the methyl alcohol F−{{F}^{-}}ion is solvated whereas in the solvents like DMSODMSO and acetonitrile this F−{{F}^{-}}ion of dissolved NaFNaFis not solvated. Analyze the above line and find the activity of theF−{{F}^{-}}ion in both the cases and find out the correct explanation from the given above options.

Complete step by step answer:
We know that when we try to dissolve the compound NaFNaF in methyl alcohol the dissolved F−{{F}^{-}} ions are get solvated in it, that is the F−{{F}^{-}} ions are get solvated in methyl alcohol whereas in case of the solvents like DMSODMSO and acetonitrile these F−{{F}^{-}} ion of dissolved NaFNaF are not solvated and so these ions are free in the solvent. Due to the presence of the free F−{{F}^{-}} ions in the solvent which are not solvated, these act as more efficiently as nucleophiles.
A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond in a reaction to reaction. All molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one π\pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are by definition Lewis bases.

Since we found that the unsolvated F−{{F}^{-}} ions more efficiently act as a nucleophile and hence option (C) is the correct answer.

Note: The solvent DMSODMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide which is having the chemical formula (CH3)2SO{{\left( C{{H}_{3}} \right)}_{2}}SO is an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and non polar compounds and is miscible in a wide range of organic solvents as well as water, where is the chemical formula of the acetonitrile is CH3−CNC{{H}_{3}}-CN used as polar aprotic solvent in the organic synthesis and in the purification of the butadiene.