Question

In scientific inquiry, the hypothesis is a testable statement that predicts the relationship between variables. According to the scientific method, the validity of a hypothesis is determined by its ability to withstand empirical testing and produce consistent results. Critics of this approach argue that relying solely on empirical data can lead to the neglect of theoretical frameworks that provide context for understanding phenomena.
Which of the following assumption would allow the above statements to be properly made?

• A. Empirical data alone can be sufficient to explain complex scientific phenomena
• B. Theoretical frameworks often provide critical insights that cannot be derived from empirical testing alone
• C. Many scientific theories are based on assumptions that cannot be empirically tested
• D. Both b) and c) above

Answer 1

Answer: (D)

Both b) and c) above

Answer 2

(A) Empirical data alone can be sufficient to explain complex scientific phenomena: This does not strengthen the critics’ argument.
(B) Theoretical frameworks often provide critical insights that cannot be derived from empirical testing alone: This supports the critics’ argument.
(C) Many scientific theories are based on assumptions that cannot be empirically tested: This also supports the critics’ argument.
Thus, the correct answer is Option (D).