Question

In photorespiration, glycolate is converted to carbon dioxide and serine in
(a) Chloroplast
(b) Peroxisomes
(c) Vacuoles
(d) Mitochondria

Answer 1

This membrane-bound organelle is also known as the powerhouse of the cell as it generates most of the chemical energy that is needed by the cells in conducting the various biochemical reactions.

Complete answer:
In the process of photorespiration, glycolate is converted to ${ C{ O }_{ 2 } }$ and serine in mitochondria. In-plant metabolism there is a process in which the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP and along with wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis, this process is known as photorespiration.
-In 1920 it had been first observed by Otto Warburg that the presence of high ${ O }_{ 2 }$ concentration and heat decreased the speed of photosynthesis.
-In ${ C }_{ 3 }$ plants, when there's a high ${ O }_{ 2 }$ concentration and temperature, ${ O }_{ 2 }$ binds with RuBisCO rather than ${ C{ O }_{ 2 } }$ and forms one molecule of phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate during a pathway known as photorespiration.
-In the photorespiration process, first of all, the ${ O }_{ 2 }$ binds with RuBP oxygenase and forms phosphoglycolate in chloroplast which is converted to glycolate and transported to the peroxisomes.
-Then in peroxisomes, it forms glyoxylate and then glycine.
-The glycine then enters the mitochondria and loses ${ N{ H }_{ 4 } }$ and ${ C{ O }_{ 2 } }$ in a reaction and it forms serine.
-Then the serine is transported to peroxisomes and under a series of reactions, it forms glycerate which gets converted to Phosphoglyceric Acid (PGA) and then RuBP in the chloroplast.
So, the correct answer is,’Mitochondria’.

Note: - RuBisCO is the most abundant enzyme and it has an affinity to both ${ C{ O }_{ 2 } }$ and ${ O }_{ 2 }$
- In photorespiration, the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP by combining with ${ O }_{ 2 }$ in place of ${ C{ O }_{ 2 } }$ forming one molecule of phosphoglycerate and phosphorus glycolate.
-The photorespiration process makes a difference between ${ C }_{ 3 }$ and ${ C }_{ 4 }$ plants, as it occurs in ${ C }_{ 3 }$ plants only.