Question

In meiosis, the chromosome number in the daughter cells is reduced to half that of their parent cells. Guess, what would happen, if the reduction of chromosome number is not done?

Answer 1

A chromosome is a long DNA molecule that contains some or more of an organism's genetic material. Most eukaryotic chromosomes contain packing proteins called histones, which attach to and condense the DNA molecule to protect its integrity with the help of chaperone proteins. These chromosomes have a complex three-dimensional structure that is essential in transcriptional control.

Complete answer:
Meiosis is the mechanism by which a single cell divides twice to create four cells with half the initial genetic material. These are our reproductive cells – sperm in men, eggs in women. Meiosis is classified into nine stages. These are separated into two parts: the first time the cell divides (meiosis I) and the second time it divides (meiosis II) (meiosis II).Meiotic divisions aid in the formation of gametes in organisms.

The number of chromosomes in the daughter cells, which are the gametes, is reduced to half. The male and female gametes are fused to form the individual's total number of chromosomes. If there is no meiotic reduction, the number of chromosomes increases with each successive generation. If there are two diploids (2n) parents, the gametes (2n- egg and 2n- sperm) will be diploid, and the child will be tetraploid (4n). This will result in the development of new organisms whenever a new generation is produced.

Additional information:
- In most cases, humans have two copies of each chromosome, for a total of 46. Now and again, an adult is born with an extra chromosome.
- Much of the time, this is not consistent with life, although there are a few chromosomes that will ensure survival even though there is an extra copy.
- Examples include having an extra X chromosome (Klinefelter Syndrome) or Trisomy 21, also known as Down Syndrome.

Note: There are a few other non-fatal trisomy complications. However, each trisomy syndrome affects one's physical health.
- Klinefelter Syndrome is usually accompanied by sterility.
- Since the gene for Alzheimer's disease is located on chromosome 21, people with Down Syndrome are more likely to have the disease.
- Extra chromosomes in humans cause medical complications that prevent survival and reproduction.