Question

In higher plants, continuity of cytoplasm from one cell to its neighbouring cells is established through the
A. Apoplast
B. Chloroplast
C. Leucoplast
D. Symplast

Answer 1

Higher plants are the vascular plants that contain vascular tissues. These vascular tissues spread resources through the plant. Due to this reason, vascular plants evolve into a larger size than non-vascular plants. Non-vascular plants are the lower plants. A thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane is called the cytoplasm. It contains water, salts, and proteins.

Complete answer:
-In the apoplast pathway, the water travels fully through the cell wall without crossing any membranes. The apoplast pathway is the continuous system of cell walls and intercellular air spaces in the tissues of the plant.
-The green-colored plastids are the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are the protoplasmic organelles present in the green cells of the plants only.
-The colorless plastids which are meant for storage purposes are the leucoplasts. Leucoplasts are further classified into amyloplasts(store starch),elaioplasts(store oil), and proteinoplasts( store proteins).
-In the symplast pathway, water moves from one cell to the next through plasmodesmata. The symplast contains an entire network of cell cytoplasm interconnected by plasmodesmata.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Additional information:
-Symplast is an active absorption.
-Symplast is slightly slower while the apoplast pathway is faster.

Note: Symplast allows the free diffusion of water and low-molecular-weight solutes. The movement of small molecules such as amino acids, sugars, and ions between the cells occurs through plasmodesmata.
Larger molecules such as plant viruses and transcription factors are transported with the help of actin structures. This allows a direct flow of water and other nutrients from cytoplasm-to-cytoplasm.