Question

In general sense, digestion is simply hydrolysis of complex polymers to monomers.
A. True
B. False

Answer 1

Hint:- One of the essential demands of all living beings is food. A significant component of cellular processes is water. Dehydration and hydrolysis are two of these processes that help the body create large molecules from small ones and break down large ones into functional components.

Complete solution: Hydrolysis reactions use water to break down polymers into monomers and, when synthesising a polymer from monomers, is the opposite of dehydration synthesis, which shapes water. Reactions from hydrolysis break bonds and release steam. In the digestive tract, biological macromolecules are swallowed and hydrolyzed to form smaller molecules that can be consumed by cells and then broken down further to release energy.

In a method known as hydrolysis, polymers are broken down into monomers, meaning "to separate water," a reaction in which a water molecule is used during the breakdown. The polymer is broken into two parts during these reactions. One part gains a hydrogen atom (H-) if the elements are un-ionized and the other part gains a hydroxyl group (OH-) from a broken water molecule. This is what happens when, through hydrolysis, monosaccharides are released from complex carbohydrates.

If, after the break, the elements are ionised, one part gains two atoms of hydrogen and a positive charge, the other part gains an atom of oxygen and a negative charge. This is what happens when, via hydrolysis, amino acids are released from protein chains. In comparison to dehydration synthesis responses, these reactions are A water molecule formed during dehydration synthesis reactions as a result of forming a covalent bond in a larger polymer between two monomeric components.

As a result of splitting the covalent bond binding together two components of a polymer, a water molecule is absorbed in hydrolysis reactions. Dehydration and hydrolysis reactions are chemical reactions that particular enzymes catalyse or "speed up"; dehydration reactions require the forming of new energy-requiring bonds, whereas hydrolysis reactions sever bonds and release energy.

In our bodies, food is first hydrolyzed, or broken down, by catalytic enzymes in the digestive tract into smaller molecules. This makes it possible for cells in the intestine to quickly absorb nutrients. A particular enzyme breaks down each macromolecule. Carbohydrates are, for example, broken down by amylase, sucrase, lactase, or maltase. The enzymes trypsin, pepsin, peptidase and others break down proteins.

Lipids are decomposed by lipases. When cells in the body ingest the smaller metabolites that originate from these hydrolytic enzymes, they are further broken down by other enzymes. An ultimate energy-releasing mechanism is the degradation of these macromolecules which provides energy for cellular activities.

So from these discussions we can conclude that digestion is simply hydrolysis of complex polymers to monomers. Therefore the correct answer is option (A) i.e True.

Note:-
In its speed, performance, and complexity, the digestive system is elegantly basic, but mind boggling. Best of all, this cool disassembly line is absolutely involuntary after you swallow your meal, and all the chemical reactions involved in digestion are variants of the same form of reaction, hydrolysis. So, the next time you eat, think about how elegantly basic the breakdown of food is, no matter what kind of food you eat.