Question

In fungi sex organs show evolution from simplicity to complexity.(State whether the following statements are true or false)
a. True
b. False

Answer 1

Gametangia are the simple differentiated sex organs of fungi. Gamentangia release some specialized sex cells also known as Gametes which take part in the sexual reproduction in fungi. Fungi may contain one or more than one gamete nuclei.

Complete answer:
The sex organs of fungi are called gametangia and are simple and differentiated. These gametangia produce specialized sex cells or gametes. In other types, two gametangia fuse and two nuclei come together and in some fungi, no gametangia are produced, only the vegetative nuclei come together and fuse. Fungi having both male and female on a single individual is called hermaphrodite and the one in which male and female gametangia is produced on different individuals is called dioecious.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Additional information:
Sexual reproduction in fungi occurs by the production of gametes. Gametangia are the sex organs of fungi and produce gametes. Sexual reproduction in fungi is completed in three steps that are plasmogamy, Karyogamy, and Meiosis. Plasmogamy is the first stage of sexual reproduction where two sex cells fuse with each other but their nuclei do not fuse.

Karyogamy is marked with the fusion of two nuclei which results in the diploid nucleus. Meiosis happens in the diploid nucleus which in turn results in haploid nuclei. There are different methods of sexual reproduction such as Gametangial Contact, Gametangial Copulation, and Somatogamy.

Gametangial contact includes the formation of male and female sex organs on two different hypha of the same mycellium. The male sex organ is known as antheridium while the female sex organ is called oogonium. Gametangial copulation leads to the formation of gametangia on two different mycelium while in Somatogamy, no sex organs are formed.

Note: Gametangia are the sex organs of fungi and produce gametes. These fungi carry both male and female gametangia and there are exceptional cases where gametangia of male and female is produced separately.