Question

In Down’s process, sodium is obtained by the electrolysis of:
A) Molten NaOH
B) Molten NaCl
C) Aqueous NaOH
D) Aqueous NaCl

Answer 1

The Downs' process is an electrochemical process. This process is carried out in the Down cell. The Downs cell was invented in 1922 by the American chemist James Cloyd Down.

Complete answer:
We know that electrolysis is a process by which electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change. The chemical change is one by which a substance loses or gains electrons (oxidation or reduction).
Down's process is used for extracting sodium by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. Chlorine is collected at the anode. Fused $NaCl$contains sodium and chloride ions. $N{{a}^{+}}$ions migrate to cathode where they are reduced to Na. $C{{l}^{-}}$ions migrate to anode and oxidised to form chlorine gas. When an electric current is passed through the molten mixture of NaCl, NaCl decomposes in to $N{{a}^{+}}$and $C{{l}^{-}}$ ion. $N{{a}^{+}}$ions migrate towards the cathode while $C{{l}^{-}}$ ions towards the anode.
At cathode:
$2N{{a}^{+}}+2{{e}^{-}}\to 2Na(reduction)$
At anode:
$2C{{l}^{-}}\to C{{l}_{2}}+2{{e}^{-}}(oxidation)$
Overall reaction:

& 2N{{a}^{+}}+2{{e}^{-}}\to 2Na \\\ & 2C{{l}^{-}}\to C{{l}_{2}}+2{{e}^{-}} \\\ & \overline{2N{{a}^{+}}+2C{{l}^{-}}\to 2Na+C{{l}_{2}}} \\\ \end{aligned}$$  So, from the above explanation we can say that the correct answer is option “B”. **Note:** This process is carried out in an electrolytic cell. KCl and KF are used to decrease the melting point of the mixture. The molten sodium collects in the cathode compartment and Chlorine is collected at the anode compartment.