Question

In a study about a pandemic, data of 900 persons was collected. It was found that
190 persons had symptom of fever,
220 persons had symptom of cough,
220 persons had symptom of breathing problem,
330 persons had symptom of fever or cough or both,
350 persons had symptom of cough or breathing problem or both,
340 persons had symptom of fever or breathing problem or both,
30 persons had all three symptoms (fever, cough and breathing problem).
If a person is chosen randomly from these 900 persons, then the probability that the person has at most one symptom is _____________.

Answer 1

$n(U)=900$
Let A≡ Fever, B≡ Cough
C≡ Breathing problem
$∴n(A)=190,n(B)=220,n(C)=220$
$n(A∪B)=330,n(B∪C)=350$
$n(A∪C)=340,n(A∩B∩C)=30$

Now $n(A∪B)=n(A)+n(B)−n(A∩B)$
$⇒330=190+220−n(A∩B)$
$⇒n(A∩B)=80$
Similarly,
$350=220+220−n(B∩C)$
$⇒n(B∩C)=90$
and $340=190+220−n(A∩C)$
$⇒n(A∩C)=70$
$∴n(A∪B∪C)=(190+220+220)−(80+90+70)+30$
$=660−240=420$
$⇒$ Number of person without any symptom
$=n(∪)−n(A∪B∪C)$
$=900−420=480$
Now, number of person suffering from exactly one symptom
$=(n(A)+n(B)+n(C))−2(n(A∩B)+n(B∩C)+n(C∩A))+3n(A∩B∩C)$
$=(190+220+220)−2(80+90+70)+3(30)$
$=630−480+90=240$
∴ Number of person suffering from at most one symptom
$=480+240=720$

$⇒ Probability =\frac{720}{900}​=\frac{8}{10}​​=0.80$