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Question: In a solution of \(pH = 5\), more acid is added in order to reduce the \(pH = 2\). The increase in h...

In a solution of pH=5pH = 5, more acid is added in order to reduce the pH=2pH = 2. The increase in hydrogen ion concentration is:
A.100100 times
B.10001000 times
C.33 times
D.55 times

Explanation

Solution

Acids: Those compounds which on ionization produce H+{H^ + }ions, are known as acids.
Bases: Those compounds which on ionization produce OH−O{H^ - }ions, are known as bases.
And if pH is in between 0−70 - 7 then it will be acid and if pH is in between 7−147 - 14 then it will be base.

Complete step by step solution:
Let us read about acids and bases first.
pH values: If the pH value is in between 0−70 - 7then the solution or compound will be acidic in nature and If the pH value is in between 7−147 - 14then the solution or compound will be basic in nature. And if the pH value is exactly seven then compound or solution will be neutral i.e. neither acidic nor basic in nature.
In short if we say what is acid and what is base, then we can say that:
Acids: Those compounds or solutions which can give hydronium ion or proton donor or electron pair acceptors and have pH range 0−70 - 7, are known as acids.
Bases: Those compounds or solutions which are proton acceptor, can accept hydrogen ion or give hydroxide ion, or electron pair donor and have pH range 7−147 - 14, are known as bases.
Now, pH is defined as the number of hydrogen ions released by the acid. pH is equal to the negative logarithm of concentration of hydrogen ions.
Now in the question we are given an initial pH value of the acid and we are asked how we can change its pH i.e. reduce.
Now we know that pH is a negative logarithm of concentration of hydrogen ions so if we increase the concentration of hydrogen ion then pH value will decrease.
Hence initially we are given with pH=5pH = 5 let's suppose its concentration be 10−5{10^{ - 5}} because pH is −log⁡[H+] - \log [{H^ + }]. So now if we want pH=2pH = 2 then our concentration of hydrogen ion should be 10−2{10^{ - 2}}. So we have increase the concentration of hydrogen ion 10001000 times.

Hence option B is correct.

Note: Higher the pH value more will be the basic character of the compound and lower the pH value higher will be acidic character.
Amphoteric Compounds: Those compounds which can react with both acids and bases are known as amphoteric compounds.