Question
Question: In a change from\[PC{l_3} \to PC{l_5}\]. The hybrid state of \[p\] change from: A. \[s{p^2}\] to \...
In a change fromPCl3→PCl5. The hybrid state of p change from:
A. sp2 to sp3
B. sp3 to sp2
C. sp3 to sp3d
D. sp3 to dsp2
Solution
PCl3 is phosphorus trichloride and PCl5 is phosphorus pentachloride. The addition of Cl2 with PCl3 produces PCl5. The presence of vacant d orbitals in phosphorus allows it to add the Cl2 atoms to the inner d orbitals.
Complete step by step answer: Hybridization is the process of combining two different orbitals of atoms generating new orbitals which are different from atomic orbitals. These new orbitals are referred to as hybrid orbitals.
Phosphorus is an element in the periodic table with atomic number 16. The electronic configuration of element phosphorus (P) is:
P : 1s22s22p63s23p3
Thus phosphorus has three unpaired electrons in the outer shellp. Further in phosphorus there are vacant d orbitals present i.e. 3d. Due to these d orbitals the valency of the central atom can be extended and more atoms can be added to the phosphorus atom.
In PCl3, phosphorus is the central atom which is attached to three chlorine atoms. The phosphorus has one lone pair available in the form of s electrons. The three p electrons are present in 3Px, 3Py, 3Pz orbitals. The s and p orbitals undergo hybridization to produce sp3 hybrid orbitals of equal energy.
In PCl5, phosphorus the central atom is attached to five chlorine atoms. Here the vacant 3d orbitals take part in hybridization to produce five hybrid orbitals. One of the two s electrons moves to the d orbital to produce five singly filled orbitals. Each of the orbitals accepts an electron from chlorine to form five sigma bonds. Thus the hybridization of phosphorus pentachloride is sp3d.
Thus, option C is the correct answer, the hybrid state of P changes from sp3 to sp3d.
Note: The number of hybrid orbitals will be equal to the number of atomic orbitals. Only orbitals of the same atom will undergo hybridization. The shape of the orbital can be predicted by knowing the hybridization of orbitals.