Question

If one mole of sulphuric acid is dissolved in water, how many moles of hydronium ions are produced?

Answer 1

Hint : The molar mass of a chemical compound is characterized as the mass of a sample of that compound partitioned by the measure of substance in that sample, estimated in moles. The molar mass is a mass, not the atomic property of a substance.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Sulphuric acid or sulphuric acid, otherwise called oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid made out of the components sulphur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the atomic formula ${{H}_{2}}S{{O}_{4}}.$ It is a colourless and viscous fluid that is dissolvable in water and is combined in reactions that are exceptionally exothermic.
The first proton hydrolysis (of water) proceeds more or less quantitatively. A given solution of an acid is diluted by adding more water. Thus, the overall volume of the solution increases. However, the number of hydrogen ions in solution remains the same. Therefore, the number of hydrogen ions per unit volume decreases and hence the concentration of hydronium ions decreases.
${{H}_{2}}S{{O}_{4(aq)}}+{{H}_{2}}{{O}_{(l)}}\to {{H}_{3}}{{O}^{+}}+HSO_{4}^{-}$
The second proton hydrolysis is not so complete a weak acid is one which doesn't ionize fully when it is dissolved in water. Sulphuric acid is a typical weak acid. It reacts with water to produce hydronium ions and ions, but the back reaction is more successful than the forward one. The ions react very easily to reform the acid and the water.
$HSO_{4}^{-}+{{H}_{2}}{{O}_{(l)}}\to {{H}_{3}}{{O}^{+}}+SO_{4}^{2-}$
$pK{{a}_{2}}=1.99$
So, $K{{a}_{2}}=10-1.99=0.01$
Most of the time we treat sulphuric acid as a diacid. Of course we can work out the extent of the protonation quantitatively. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid so it dissociates completely into water and thus:
${{H}_{2}}S{{O}_{4(aq)}}+2{{H}_{2}}{{O}_{(l)}}\to {{H}_{3}}{{O}^{+}}+SO_{4}^{2-}$
So, we can conclude that two moles of hydronium ions will be produced.

Note :
The corrosiveness of the acid towards different materials can be generally depicted because of its solid acidic nature, and also, it's dehydrating alongside oxidizing properties if at a sufficiently high concentration. It is likewise hygroscopic, promptly engrossing water fume from the air. Upon contact, sulphuric acid can cause serious chemical burns and even secondary thermal burns because of dehydration; it is perilous even at lower concentrations. Sulphuric acid is a significant commodity chemical, and a country's sulphuric acid creation is a decent pointer of its mechanical and industrial strength.