Question

Identify the correct combination regarding anaphase, anaphase-I and anaphase-II.
A) Anaphase: Centromere splits
Anaphase-I: Centromere splits
Anaphase-III: Centromere splits
B) Anaphase: Chromatids move to opposite poles
Anaphase-I: Homologous chromosomes separate
Anaphase-III: Centromere splits
C) Anaphase: Chromosomes cluster at the opposite pole
Anaphase-I: Homologous chromosomes separate
Anaphase-III: Centromere splits
D) Anaphase: Chromosomes move to opposite poles
Anaphase-I: Homologous chromosomes separate
Anaphase-III: Centromere splits

Answer 1

In anaphase I homologous chromosomes (equivalent) detach from opposite poles and keep together sister chromatids while the chromosome's chromatids in anaphase II split the centromere into opposite poles.

Complete answer:
Anaphase is the mitosis stage after the metaphase process by separating chromosomes and by transferring the newer-copied chromosomes (the daughter chromatids). The full condensation of chromosomes can also be achieved in late anaphases to aid chromosome segregation and nucleus reformation.
The shortening of kinetochore microtubules shortens Anaphase I of meiosis I. This shortens the homologous chromosomes in turn and pushes them towards the opposite poles. Each chromosome contains a couple of sister chromatids at this point. There are two sets of haploids at two ends of the cell at the end of Anaphase I. Centromeres cannot divide in anaphase I. The division of centromeres to isolate the chromatid sister is characterized by Anaphase II, which then travels to the opposite poles. The newly synthesised copies of parental chromosomes are chromosomes that remain attached via centromere to the parental chromosome. Therefore, during anaphase II of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis, we call them sister and non-sister chromatids before splitting centromere divides each other.

Thus, the correct answer is option B. i.e., Anaphase: Chromatids move to opposite poles; Anaphase-I: Homologous chromosomes separate; Anaphase-III: Centromere splits.

Note: Anaphase is the 4th step of mitosis, which divides two identical daughter cells into duplicate genetic material found within the nucleus of the parent cell. The Anaphase I involves splitting the chromosomes from each sister chromatids to the opposite poles still attached to the cell's microtubules while the actual break in the sister chromatids to single chromatids is in anaphase II.