Question

(i) Which one of the following is a disaccharide:Starch , Maltose , Fructose and Glucose?
(ii) What is the difference between fibrous protein and globular protein?
(iii) Write the name of the vitamin whose deficiency causes bone deformities in children?

Answer 1

There are seven key nutrient groups that are required by the body. There are proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, water, and carbohydrates. To establish and maintain health, it is important to consume these seven nutrients on a daily basis.Dietary disorders, excesses and imbalances may have detrimental health consequences, which can contribute to psychological and behavioral issues such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, scurvy, obesity, or osteoporosis.

Complete answer:
(i) Plants are the key sources of carbohydrates, e.g., starches (storage types of plant-containing chlorophyll carbohydrates), sugars, cereals, potatoes, legumes, millets, roots and other vegetables. Fruit, juice, cane, honey, palm, milk, etc. contain sugar.

The following four major classes can be grouped into carbohydrates -

Monosaccharides:
The simplest carbohydrate type is monosaccharides. Until absorption and utilization, all carbohydrates are reduced to this condition. Three to six carbon atoms comprise them.

Disaccharide:
Disaccharide Consists of two monosaccharide units covalently joined together. They are formed upon hydrolysis as two molecules of the same or different monosaccharides. e.g., lactose, sucrose, maltose etc.

Oligosaccharides:
Oligosaccharides consist of a few (2-6) units of monosaccharides, such as glycoproteins.

Polysaccharides:
Polysaccharides consist of several monosaccharide molecules connected together. For example, glycerol.

The correct Answer is Maltose.

(ii)

| Fibrous protein| Globular protein
---|---|---
Definition| They are elongated strand like proteins| They re spherical proteins
Solubility| Insoluble in water,weak bases and weak acids| Soluble in water , acids and bases
Structure| Alpha helix structure| Beta pleated structure
Secondary structure| Single type of secondary structure is present| Mostly have many types of secondary structure
Main functions| It provides support and protection to the structure | Responsible for certain metabolic functions, such as transportation and control of catalysis.
Amount| The number of protein is lower| The number of proteins is comparatively higher.
Total mass| Have higher total mass| Has lower total mass
Stability| Less sensitive to changes in heat and pH and so structure is stable| More sensitive to changes in heat and pH and so structure is unstable
Sequence of amino acids| Repetitive amino acid sequence| Irregular amino acid sequence
Examples| F-actin , collagen , desmin , elastin ,fibroin , keratin etc| Insulin , myoglobin , haemoglobin , transferrin and immunoglobulins etc.

(iii) Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)

Properties:

1. Soluble but insoluble in water in fat solvents.
2. Stable in heat.
3. Crystalline white content.
4. It is not killed by conventional boiling.