Question

i) What is the effect of hydrogen ion [H+] concentration on the nature of the solution?
ii) When acid is diluted, acid is added in water, not water in acid. Give a reason.
Iii) Name the acid present in orange and tamarind.
iv) What is the chlor-alkali process?

Answer 1

As we know that Arrhenius is one of the concepts for acid and bases. Swedish chemist Arrhenius is the world's first chemist to talk about acid and bases. Depending on his concept and limitation later so many concepts are developed. Even Arrhenius is the birthplace of the concept of acids and bases. Followed by Arrhenius chemist the concept of acids and bases discuss Bronsted and Lowry in the world.

Complete answer:
i) What is the effect of hydrogen ion [H+] concentration on the nature of the solution?
The acidity of the solution depends on the concentration of the hydrogen ion in the solution. The acidity of normal solution is directly proportional to the concentration on the hydrogen ion in the solution and basicity of normal solution is inversely proportional to the concentration on the hydrogen ion in the solution.
ii) When acid is diluted, acid is added in water, not water in acid. Give a reason.
The acid vigorously reacts with water, because of its exothermic nature. That's the reason we added the acid in the water and not added the water in acid.
Iii) Name the acid present in orange and tamarind.
The citric acid is one of the acids, is present in orange and the tartaric acid and malic acid is also one of the acids in the chemical sciences, is present in tamarind.
iv) What is the chlor-alkali process?
The chlor-alkali process is nothing but one of the industrial processes used in electrochemical science. In this process we use caustic soda and chlorine gas.

Note:
According to Arrhenius concept one substance said to base means, bases is nothing but a substance that dissociates to give hydroxyl ion when decomposed in water. According to Arrhenius' concept one substance said to be acidic means acid is nothing but a substance that dissociates to give hydrogen ion when decomposed in the water. Examples of Arrhenius acids are hydrochloric acid (${\text{HCl}}$), sulphuric acid (${{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}$), nitric acid (${\text{HN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}$) etc,. Examples of Arrhenius bases are sodium hydroxide (${\text{NaOH}}$), calcium hydroxide (${\text{Ca(OH}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}}$) etc,.