Question

Hyperconjugation involves delocalization of ________.
A) Electrons of carbon-hydrogen, a bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of an unsaturated system.
B) Electrons of carbon-hydrogen a bond of an alkyl group directly attached to the positively charged carbon atom.
C) π-electrons carbon-carbon bond
D) Lone pair of electrons

Answer 1

We have to remember that electron displacement is the one of the reasons for the stability of molecules and ions in organic chemistry. In organic chemistry stability of molecules and ions are very important. Carbon ions are classified as two types. There is carbocation and carbanion. The carbon atom which has positive charge is called carbocation. The carbon atom which has negative charge is called carbocation.

Complete answer:
As we know that hyperconjugation is one of the permanent effects for the electron displacement in the molecule. This hyperconjugation is due to the delocalisation of sigma electrons in the carbon and hydrogen atom in the molecule. Hyperconjugation mainly occurs in the sigma bond and conjugation plays a main role. In that case pi bonded molecules and molecules having lone pair electron atoms. If we want to say simply means hyperconjugation involves delocalization of electrons of carbon-hydrogen a bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system and electrons of carbon-hydrogen a bond of an alkyl group directly attached to the positively charged carbon atom.
According to the above discussion we conclude hyperconjugation involves delocalization of electrons of carbon-hydrogen a bond of an alkyl group directly attached to an atom of unsaturated system and electrons of carbon-hydrogen a bond of an alkyl group directly attached to the positively charged carbon atom.

Hence, the option A and B are the correct answers.

Note:
We need to know that inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance or mesomeric effect and hyper conjugate effect play an important role for electron displacement. Inductive effect is a permanent effect. Withdrawing or donating the electron density of the carbon atom by the neighbouring group or atom in that carbon atom in the molecule is known as an inductive effect. It is divided into two types. There are +I and –I effects. Electromeric effect is due to the movement of pi electrons. It is divided into two types. There are +E and –E effects. It is due to the direction of pi electron movement. Resonance or mesomeric effect means organic compounds which can be represented by more than one structure. It is divided into two types. There are +M and –M effects. It is due to differ only in the position of bonding and lone pair of electrons. Hyper conjugate effect is due to delocalisation of sigma electrons in molecules.