Question

Hydraulic jack works on which principle from below?

Answer 1

Hydraulic jack is a device that is used to lift a weight and is controlled with hydraulic control. While applying a small pressure on the smaller cylinder, the pressure will be transmitted equally to the larger cylinder through the incompressible fluid. Now, the larger cylinder will experience a force multiplication effect.

Complete step-by-step solution:
Hydraulic Jack Working is based on Pascal’s principle. That is, the pressure applied to a fluid stored in a container will be distributed equally in all directions. The important components of a hydraulic jack are cylinders, a pumping system, and hydraulic fluid(oil is used commonly). The hydraulic jack fluid is selected by considering certain fluid properties like viscosity, thermal stability, filterability, hydrolytic stability, and more. If a compatible hydraulic fluid is selected, it will offer maximum performance, self-lubrication, and smooth operation. The hydraulic jack design will contain two cylinders(one small and another big) connected to each other using pipings. Both cylinders are filled partially using hydraulic fluids. While applying a small pressure on the smaller cylinder, the pressure will be transmitted equally to the larger cylinder through the incompressible fluid. Now, the larger cylinder will experience a force multiplication effect. The force exerted on all points of both cylinders will be the same. But, the force produced by the larger cylinder will be higher and it is directly proportional to the surface area. Other than cylinders, a hydraulic jack will contain a pumping system to push fluid into a cylinder through a one-way valve. This valve will restrict the backflow of hydraulic fluid from the cylinder.
The pressure is defined as force per unit area. Therefore, if a body has two endpoints different areas, say ${{\text{A}}_1}$and ${A_2}$
Such that ${{\text{A}}_1} < {{\text{A}}_2}$ Then, According to Pascal’s law,
${\text{P}}1 = {\text{P}}2$
Which means,
$\dfrac{{{{\text{F}}_1}}}{{{{\text{A}}_1}}} = \dfrac{{{F_2}}}{{{{\text{A}}_2}}}$
$\Rightarrow {{\text{F}}_2} = \dfrac{{{{\text{A}}_2}}}{{{{\text{A}}_1}}}{{\text{F}}_1}$
Thus, the lifting force ${F_2}$ is greater than the applied force${F_1}$ . This is the principle behind a hydraulic jack.

Note: Pascal’s principle, also called Pascal’s law, in fluid (gas or liquid) mechanics, statement that in a fluid at rest in a closed container, a pressure change in one part is transmitted without loss to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the container. The five components that make up a hydraulic system. Selector valve, hydraulic lines, actuating units, reservoir, and pump. Pressure is equal to the force divided by the area on which it acts.