Question

Hybridization of carbon atom that is attached to the halogen group in vinylic halide is:
(A) $s{p^3}$
(B) $s{p^2}$
(C) $sp$
(D) $s{p^3}{d^2}$

Answer 1

In order to find Hybridization of carbon atom that is attached to the halogen group in vinylic halide, we must know the molecular formula of the vinylic halide and type of bonding taking place in it, whether it is single, double or triple bond.

Complete Solution :
First, we must know what is a hybridisation? Hybridisation is referred to as intermixing of the two atomic orbitals that are having the same energy levels to give a new type of orbital called hybrid orbitals.
- The structure of the vinylic halide is given below:
$C{H_2} = CHX$

- From the above structure we can see that the carbon atom that is attached to the Halogen group ‘X’ is attached to totally three atoms namely Carbon, Hydrogen and Halogen. When Carbon is attached to three atoms it will be having $s{p^2}$ hybridisation. The presence of the double bond in the carbon also indicates that it can have only $s{p^2}$ hybridisation.
Therefore, Hybridization of the carbon atom that is attached to the halogen group in vinylic halide is $s{p^2}$.
So, the correct answer is “Option B”.

Additional information:
Some of the key features of hybridisation are given below:
- The atomic orbitals which are having equal energies will undergo hybridisation.
- The number of atomic orbitals combined will be equal to the number of hybrid orbitals formed.
- Hybridisation will take place only during the bond formation.
- Knowing the hybridisation will help us to determine the shape of the molecules.
- In the hybrid orbital, the bigger lobe will be having the positive sign and the smaller lobe will be having a negative sign.

Note: Different types of hybridisation will be having different shapes.

HYBRIDISATION	SHAPE
$sp$	Linear
$s{p^2}$	Trigonal planar
$s{p^3}$	Tetrahedral
$s{p^3}d$	Trigonal bipyramidal
$s{p^3}{d^2}$	Octahedral