Question

How would you compare the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 1

Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are the two main organelles of a eukaryotic cell that perform protein synthesis and its transportation from one cell organelle to another cell organelle and both of the organelle also help in the formation of the cell wall.

Complete answer:
The endoplasmic reticulum is the three-dimensional membrane that runs through the cytoplasm and it also presents attached with the plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, and Golgi complex whereas the Golgi apparatus is made up of cisternae which is flat and expanded made up of protoplasm. The role of both endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are related to each other. In the cell wall, the endoplasmic reticulum provides a skeletal framework to the cell which helps to give support to the cytoplasmic matrix whereas the Golgi apparatus synthesizes pectic compounds and polysaccharides which help in the formation of the cell wall. The protein which gets synthesized by rough endoplasmic reticulum is passed on Golgi apparatus, the cisternae of Golgi apparatus help to combine the protein with carbohydrate and form glycoprotein. The endoplasmic reticulum provides enzyme precursors to the Golgi apparatus which get packed in the vesicles of the Golgi apparatus and later after budding primary lysosomes get formed by the maturing face of cisternae. The lipid from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum get complexed into the Golgi apparatus and form lipoprotein. Apart from common function endoplasmic reticulum helps in the rapid transport of materials, connects two adjacent protoplasts through plasmodesmata, conduct impulse in muscles, and consists of enzyme-like ATPase, dehydrogenase, phosphate, etc, whereas the Golgi apparatus helps in the synthesis of complex carbohydrate, membrane transformation, yolk formation, hormone production, etc.

Note:
The nematocyst of Hydra and trichocysts of Paramecium are formed with the help of the Golgi apparatus. In the eukaryotic cell, the sieve tube of plant and sperm of bryophyte and pteridophytes does not consist of Golgi apparatus but the endoplasmic reticulum present in all cells of eukaryotes.