Question

How would you compare and contrast the rod cells and cone cells in the retina of the human eye?

Answer 1

Rod cells and cone cells both are pigments present in the retina of the human eye and are responsible for vision in humans.

Complete answer:
The rod cells and cone cells can be compared and contrasted by using the following points.

Rods	Cones
Rods are responsible for vision in dark or in presence of low light.	Cones are responsible for vision in bright daylight.
The visual pigments present in rods are known as rhodopsin.	The visual pigments present in cones are known as iodopsin.
The outer side of the rods has a cylindrical shape.	The outer side of the cones has a conical shape.
The inner side of rods have small knob-like structures	The inner side of cones is diverged to form branches.
One cell can have many rods	One cell can have only one cone.
Rods consist of one type of cell.	Cones consist of three different types of cells.
The vision that is formed by rods cells is known as monochromatic vision.	The vision that is formed by cone cells is known as colored vision.
Rod cells are very sensitive to light.	Cone cells are not sensitive to light.
Rod cells are very sensitive to scattered light	Cone cells are not sensitive to scattered light.
Rod cells have more pigments.	Cone cells have fewer pigments.

Note: The visual acuity of the cone is very high as compared to rod cells. Both rods and cones are present in the retina but the rods are located at the edge of the retina and cones are present in the center of the retina. The fovea contains cones but it lacks rods. Insufficiency of rhodopsin causes night blindness and insufficiency of iodopsin causes color blindness.