Question

How would the bond length vary in dicarbon species ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}$, ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ + }}$ and ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ - }}$.

Answer 1

We need to know that the atomic number of the element is nothing but the number of electrons or number of protons. The mass number of the atom is nothing but the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons. In chemistry, periodic tables play a vital role. Now we are using a modern periodic table. This modern periodic table consists of totally $118$ elements. In the periodic table there are totally $18$ columns and $7$ rows. The columns are called groups. Hence, $18$ groups in the periodic table. The rows are called periods. Hence, totally $7$ period in the table. The atomic number of carbon atoms is $6$. The mass number of carbon atoms is $12$. The symbol of the carbon atom is ${\text{C}}$.

Complete answer:
The given dicarbon species are ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}$, ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ + }}$ and ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ - }}$.
The bond order of molecules is directly proportional to the bond length of that molecule.
The bond order of the molecules is dependent on the number of electrons in the bonding molecular orbitals and the number electrons in the antibonding molecular orbitals.
The bond order of the molecules is equal to half of the number of electrons in the bonding molecular orbitals and the number of electrons in the antibonding molecular orbitals.
The bond order of ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ + }}$ is more than ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}$. So, the bond length of ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ + }}$ is more than ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}$.
The bond order of ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ + }}$is more than ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ - }}$ . So, the bond length of ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ + }}$ is more than ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ - }}$.
The bond order of ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ - }}$ is less than ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}$. So, the bond length of ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}^{\text{ - }}$ is less than ${{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}}$.

Note:
We need to know that In organic chemistry stability of molecules and ions are very important. Carbon ions are classified as two types. There is carbocation and carbanion. The carbon atom which has a positive charge is called carbocation. The carbon atom which has a negative charge is called carbocation. In organic chemistry cleavage is split into two types. There are homolytic cleavage and heterolytic cleavage. Ions will happen in heterolytic cleavage. Free radicals will come in Homolytic cleavage.