Question

How to calculate the concentration of the acid solutions?

Answer 1

We know that in chemistry, concentration is defined as the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. To concentrate a solution, we add more solute to it or we reduce the amount of solvent. On other hand, to dilute a solution we need to add more solvent to it or reduce the solute in solvent.

Complete step by step answer:
Concentration can be measured for acids and alkalis.
It is basically measured as the quantity of solute in a given volume of solution which is generally $1d{m^3}$ of solution.
We need to know that the concentration can be measured using quantitative notation such as Mass concentration, Molar concentration, Number concentration, and Volume concentration.
Now, we know that concentration of a solute can be measured in two ways either by Mass concentration or by Molar concentration.
In Mass concentration, we can determine the concentration by dividing the mass of the constituent, here solute by the volume of mixture.
$\rho = \dfrac{m}{V}kg/{m^3}$
In Molar concentration, we can determine the concentration by dividing the moles of constituents by the volume of mixture.
$c = \dfrac{n}{V}mol/{m^3}$
Another method is titration.
We know that acids and base when reacted together neutralizes. Thus, in practice, we take a sample acidic solution in a conical flask. We fill a basic solution in a burette. Then we pour down the basic solution from the burette into the conical flask containing the sample. We mix it continuously. We carry on the procedure until the solution turns color clear. The clear transparent colour shows that the solution is titrated completely and neutralized.
By using the mole concept, we can calculate exact moles or mass of the solute.

Note:
We need to remember that the acids are the ones which have values Between 0 to 7 on the pH scale. The concentration is basically the measure of amount of solute in a solvent. Higher the amount of solute in a solvent, higher is the concentration. Thus, acid concentration can be measured using molar concentration and mass concentration. Another method of determining the acid concentration is by titration. It is a lab experiment done practically to determine the concentration of unknown solutions.