Question

How temperature, light intensity and wind affect transpiration?

Answer 1

Transpiration, in botany, loss of water to a plant, primarily by leaf stomata. In order to admit carbon dioxide to the leaf interior and to allow oxygen to escape during photosynthesis, stomatal openings are required, so transpiration is generally considered to be merely an inevitable phenomenon accompanying the real functions of the stomata.

Complete answer:
It has been suggested that transpiration provides the energy for water transport in the plant and can help in direct sunlight heat dissipation.
Temperature- In some species, warm temperatures encourage the raising of leaves. In contrast with tropical motions, nastic motion is poorly understood in plants. Water can easily evaporate from the leaves of the plant on a hot day. It improves transpiration For plants, temperature also serves as a seasonal cue. The temperature and other environmental factors change seasonally in temperate zones. They stop growing and do not reproduce for extended periods because certain seasonal conditions are not favourable for plants, whereas extreme conditions prevail, and adapt to grow in the preferred condition. Normal, intermittent shifts in ambient temperature are used by some plant adaptation systems as a signal for sensing seasonal changes.
Light intensity- The rate of water absorption is increased by light and the resulting increased turgidity of the two guard cells, which form the boundary of each stoma, contributes to the opening of the stomata, raising the rate of transpiration. The plant can open its stomata in bright light to provide plenty of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, where more water can evaporate from the leaves.
Wind- A higher transpiration rate can result in increased movement of the air around a plant. With the result that the more saturated air close to the leaf is replaced by drier air, wind can pass the air around. Water evaporates more rapidly on a windy day than on a calm day. As wind velocity increases, transpiration increases.

Note: The primary sites of transpiration are leaf stomata, which consist of two guard cells that form a small pore on the surfaces of the leaves. In response to different environmental stimuli, the guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata and can regulate the rate of transpiration to minimise water loss. Darkness and deficit of internal water tend to close stomata and decrease perspiration.