Question

How many types of ecological succession are there?
A. $3$
B. $2$
C. $5$
D. $4$

Answer 1

The process of ecological succession shows how the organisation of a biological community (that is, an interacting group of diverse species in a desert, forest, grassland, or marine environment, for example) evolves through time. It boosts the ecosystem's production as it evolves. In other words, how an abandoned area is occupied by various organisms and species over time is known as ecological succession. It involves the pioneer and the climax communities.

Complete solution:
Option: A – Ecological succession is basically of two types- the primary ecological succession and the secondary ecological succession.
Thus, option A is incorrect.
Option: B – As discussed in the previous option, primary and secondary are two types of ecological succession.
Thus, option B is correct.
Option C and option D are also incorrect.

Hence, Option B) $2$ is the correct answer.

Additional information:
Primary succession is a type of ecological succession that occurs in a newly created habitat that lacks livable soil, but is then colonised by living creatures for the first time. A set of events that occur in order to establish a stable ecosystem is known as primary succession. Natural occurrences such as volcanic or glacier eruptions, which result in a lack of soil or the absence of living creatures, are commonly responsible for the formation of new habitats. Pioneer organisms are groupings of organisms that colonise these habitats and are often made up of lichens, algae, and fungus.
Secondary succession is a kind of ecological succession that happens when a previously established ecosystem is dismantled by an event such as a fire or a storm, and then recolonized by other organisms.

Note:
The succession of plants is called hydrach or xerarch succession depending on the nature of the environment, whether it is water (or extremely wet regions) or very dry regions. Hydrarch succession is a type of succession that occurs in wetter environments. Xerarch succession is a type of succession that occurs in arid regions. Both succession types lead to mesophilic environmental conditions.