Question

How many neutrons are found is the nucleus of one atom of chlorine $-37?$

Answer 1

The neutron is a subatomic particle which has a neutral charge and mass slightly greater than that of a proton. Atoms of a chemical element that differ only in neutron number are called isotopes. Protons and neutrons behave almost identically under the influence of the nuclear force within the nucleus.

Complete step by step answer:
The atomic mass number is equal to the sum of protons and neutrons. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom which is constant for an element. We know that in an atom the number of electrons is equal to no. of protons as electrons is negative and proton is positive on a whole it makes the atom neural.
The number of protons of chlorine atom is $17$ (since it has atomic number $17.$) Therefore it will have the same number of electrons. In chlorine $-37,37$ is the sum of protons and neutrons. Since we know that there are $17$ electron and proton we can calculate number of neutron as
$37=$ protons $+$ neutrons $=17+$ neutrons
neutrons $=20$
Therefore number of neutrons in chlorine $-37$ is $20.$
Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms.
.The concept of isopin, in which the protons and neutrons are viewed as two quantum states of the same particle, is used to model the interaction of nucleons by the nuclear of weak forces.

Additional Information:
Chlorine $-37$ is one of the stable isotopes of chlorine, the other being $35\text{Cl}\text{.}$ Its contains $24.23$ of natural chlorine, chlorine $-35$ accounting for $75.77$ giving chlorine atoms in bulk an apparent atomic weight of $35.45\text{g}/\text{mol}\text{.}$ The neutron is classified as a hadron, because it is a composite particle made of quarks. The neutron is classified as a baryon, because it is composed of three quarks. The finite size of the neutron and its magnetic moment both indicate that the neutron is a composite, rather than elementary particle.
A neutron contains two down quarks with charge $-\dfrac{1}{3}e$ and one up quark with $+\dfrac{2}{3}e$. The mass of a neutron cannot be directly determined by mass spectrometry since it has no electric charge. However since the masses of a proton and neutron can be measured with a mass spectrometer, the mass of the neutron can be deduced by subtracting protons mass from deuteron mass, with the mass of the neutron plus the binding energy of determination.

Note: At extremely high pressure and temperature, nucleons and electrons are believed to collapse into bulk neutron matter called neutronium. This is pressed to happen in neutron stars. There is known variation in the isotopic abundance of chlorine $-37$. This heavier isotope tends to be more prevalent in chloride minerals than in aqueous solution such as sea water, although the isotopic composition of organ chlorine compounds can vary in either direction from the SMUC standard in the several parts per thousand. Radiochemical methods of solar neutrino detection are based on inverse electron capture triggered by the absorption of an electron neutrino. Chlorine $-37$ transmutes into organ $37$
Via the reaction $^{37}\text{Cl}+{{V}_{e}}{{\to }^{37}}\text{Ar}+{{e}^{-}}$
Argon $-37$ deities itself via electron capture into chlorine $-37$ via the reaction.
$^{37}\text{Ar}+{{e}^{-}}{{\to }^{37}}\text{Cl}+{{\text{V}}_{e}}$