Question

How many moles are present in 32.5 g aluminum chloride?

Answer 1

Mole is the SI unit of measurement and is used to determine the amount of a substance. A mole of any substance has exactly $6.022\times {{10}^{23}}$ particles which can be ions, atoms, electrons, or molecules. The molecular formula of aluminum chloride is $AlC{{l}_{3}}$.

Complete step-by-step answer: We know that if one mole of a substance is present, it has exactly the Avogadro number $({{N}_{A}})$ of particles.
${{N}_{A}}=6.022\times {{10}^{23}}$
Now, the mass of a sample can be given by the sum of the mass of all the particles in it.
So, we can say that the mass of one mole of a compound is equivalent to the mass of all the particles contained in one mole of a substance i.e., $6.022\times {{10}^{23}}$ particles.
The mass of one mole of a substance is known as the molar mass of that substance. Its SI base unit is kg/mol but it is usually expressed in g/mol. It is a bulk property of a substance, not a molecular property.
Now, the molar mass of a sample is given by the mass of the sample substance divided by the number of moles of the substance present in the sample.
$M=\dfrac{m}{n}$
So, the number of moles in a given sample can be given by
$n=\dfrac{m}{M}$
Where n is the number of moles,
m is the mass of the substance given (in grams), and
M is the molar mass of the substance (in g/mol).
Now, the molecular mass of one mole of a compound is equal to the sum of atomic masses of all the elements present in the molecule.
So, the molecular mass of one mole of $AlC{{l}_{3}}$ is

& {{M}_{AlC{{l}_{3}}}}={{M}_{Al}}+3\times {{M}_{Cl}} \\\ & {{M}_{AlC{{l}_{3}}}}=26.981+3\times 35.453 \\\ & {{M}_{AlC{{l}_{3}}}}=133.34g/mol \\\ \end{aligned}$$ It is given to us that the mass of the sample substance is 32.5 grams. So, the number of moles of the substance in the sample is $$\begin{aligned} & n=\dfrac{32.5g}{133.34g/mol} \\\ & n\cong 0.244mol \\\ \end{aligned}$$ Hence there are approximately 0.244 moles in a sample of 32.5 grams of aluminum chloride ($AlC{{l}_{3}}$). **Note:** It must be noted that in 2019, the SI base unit of molar mass was redefined. According to the new definition, the molar mass constant is $${{M}_{u}}=0.99999999965\times {{10}^{-3}}kg/mol$$ And not $1\times {{10}^{-3}}kg/mol$. But since the change is so insignificant, for practical purposes, the molar mass of an element is still considered to be equivalent to the atomic mass of the element.