Question

How many ATP are produced in the electron transport chain?

Answer 1

Electron transport is described as a succession of redox reactions like a relay race. It's a type of aerobic breathing. It's the only part of the glucose metabolism process that uses oxygen from the atmosphere. When electrons move from one component to the next until they reach the end of the chain, they reduce molecular oxygen, resulting in the production of water. The need for oxygen in the final step can be seen in a chemical process that requires both oxygen and glucose.

Complete answer:
The electron transport chain is found on the mitochondria's inner membrane, as shown below. A number of electron carriers are included in the electron transport chain. These carriers take electrons from NADH and $FAD{H_2}$, transmit them through a chain of complexes and electron carriers, and create ATP in the end.
According to recent research, the electron transport cycle produces roughly $30 - 32$ ATP molecules.
As a result, these NADH generate between one and two ATP. Depending on how the two NADH formed in the cytoplasm during glycolysis reach the mitochondria and whether the resulting yield is $2$ or $3$ ATP per NADH, the potential maximum yield of ATP created per glucose in eukaryotic cells is between $36$ and $38$.
The electron transport chain is a set of four protein complexes that link redox processes to create an electrochemical gradient that results in the production of ATP in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria during both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Note:
The following are the three main steps in the electron transport chain:
1. Proton pumps provide an electrochemical gradient (proton motive force).
2. The resultant release of protons is used by ATP synthase to make ATP (chemiosmosis).
3. Water can produce electrons and protons with the help of oxygen.