Question

How light can cause variation in different plants and animals?

Answer 1

Hint:- Light plays the best unspoken and most spectacular role. Many of the effects of light on plant and animal growth is clear and direct. The dynamic force for photosynthesis is light energy in which the series of chemical reactions in green plants in which carbon dioxide and water form carbohydrates and upon which all life eventually depends. Insufficient light causes death or retardation of development in green plants.

Complete step-by-step solution:-
Light also affects contrary aspects of an animal’s life. The growth, coloration of the body, migration, reproduction, and diapause are affected by light in diverse insects, birds, Pisces, reptiles, and mammals. Many animals have a preference to remain in dark, while others like hydroids fail to endure in absence of light.
While the plants react to light with the help of numerous pigment systems as chlorophyll and
phytochrome, amid the animal’s various kinds of photo-receptor systems exist.
In the lack of light, the plants remain etiolated. Shade produces lengthened internodes and thinner and
wider leaves. It increases the tenderness of lots of vegetables. Strong light, on the contrary, helps in the
making of more mechanical tissue and broader leaves.
The outcome of light has also been examined by Cunningham in flatfish Solea. The fish usually rests on
the left side. It extends pigmentation and eyes on the right side, the side exposed to the sun. If the left side is exposed to sunlight in the immature fish, both eyes and pigmentation mature on that side.

Note:- Pigmentation is utilized by many animals for defense, by means of disguise, mimicry, or warning coloration. Some animals involving fish, amphibians, and cephalopods utilize pigmented
chromatophores to endow with camouflage that varies to match the background. Pigmentation is
utilized in signaling between animals, such as in courtship and reproductive actions. For example, a few
cephalopods use their chromatophores to correspond.