Question

How is the single covalent bond formed?

Answer 1

The covalent bonds are the chemical bond formed by the sharing of the electrons between the two atoms. The covalent bond is of two type covalent $\sigma$ bond and covalent $\pi$-bond. Covalent bonds can be single, double or triple.

Complete step by step answer:
The chemical bonding is defined as the formation of chemical bonds between the two atoms which forms a chemical compound. The chemical bonds keep the atom together and intact in a compound.
Ionic bonds are defined as the chemical bonds which are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to the other atom. Due to the transfer of electrons negative charge anion and positive charge cation is formed.
Covalent bonds are defined as the bonds which are formed by the sharing of electrons. The covalent bonding is of mainly two types:
1. Covalent $\sigma$ bond: The sigma bond is formed by the end to end overlap of two orbitals which can be two s-orbital, two p-orbital or one s or one p orbital.
2. Covalent $\pi$-bond: The pi bond is formed by the side to side overlap of the two parallel p orbitals.
The single covalent bond is formed between the atoms, when only one pair of electrons is shared between the atoms. A single bond between the atom contains only one covalent $\sigma$ bond.

Note:
The compound containing carbon usually shows covalent bonding. The covalent $\sigma$ -bond is much stronger than the covalent $\pi$-bond as sigma bond the orbitals are placed along the internuclear axis which results in more effective overlap as compared to the pi bond where the orbital are perpendicular to the internuclear axis.