Question

How is the amplification of a gene sample of interest carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

Answer 1

The PCR technique is based on the natural processes a cell uses to replicate a new DNA strand. Only some biological components are required for PCR.

Complete answer:
To answer this question, we have to know about the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the process in which the amplification of the gene of interest is exhibited with two pairs of primers and a thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme Taq polymerase. PCR uses thermocycling, which is the continuous heating up and cooling down of the reaction through three clear processes known as denaturation, annealing and extension or elongation. The thermocycling reaction starts when the PCR reagents are kept into a thermocycler, a machine that is functioned by accurately heating and cooling the reaction.
The process includes the given stages:

Denaturation: The double-stranded DNA is warmed up to 94℃ that results the hydrogen bonds to denature and the two strands get divided.
Annealing: The two pairs of primers are included that hold together to the accurate complementary sequence of DNA strand at temperature 54℃.
Extension: The Taq polymerase enzyme polymerizes the nucleotide chain using the nucleotides provided in the medium and by using the template strand at 72℃.

Note: PCR or polymerase chain reaction, a method utilized to produce many duplicates of a particular sequence t of DNA instantly and properly. The polymerase chain reaction allows to obtain the huge amounts of DNA that are needed for many experiments and makes in molecular biology, forensic analysis, evolutionary biology, and medical diagnostics.