Question

How is DNA inherited from each parent

Answer 1

The process by which genetic information is passed down from parent to child is known as inheritance. This explains why individuals of the same family exhibit comparable traits. For single-gene illnesses, there are five fundamental inheritance modes: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and mitochondrial.

Complete answer:
Each cell in the human body has 46 chromosomes, including 22 paired chromosomes and two sex chromosomes. Between 20,000 to 25,000 genes are found on these chromosomes. New genes are discovered on a regular basis.

According to their size, the paired chromosomes are numbered from 1 to 22. (The first chromosome is the largest.) Autosomes are a type of non-sex chromosome.
Each chromosome is generally duplicated in humans. One copy is passed down from their mother (through the egg), while the other is passed down from their father (via the sperm). Both sperm and eggs have one set of 23 chromosomes. When sperm fertilises an egg, two copies of each chromosome (and hence two copies of each gene) are present, resulting in the formation of an embryo.

Sex chromosomes are the chromosomes that define a baby's gender (X and Y chromosomes). An X chromosome is usually contributed by the mother's egg, and either an X or a Y chromosome is contributed by the father's sperm. A naturally female person has a XX pairing of sex chromosomes, while a biologically male person has an XY pairing.
The sex chromosomes carry genes that affect numerous physiological functions in addition to determining sex. On the X chromosome, there are numerous genes, but only a few on the Y chromosome. X-linked genes are those that are found on the X chromosome. Y-linked genes are those that are found on the Y chromosome.

Note: Through their genes, parents pass on features or qualities to their children, such as eye colour and blood type. Some health issues and diseases can also be handed down down the generations. One quality can take several different shapes at times. A, B, AB, or O are examples of blood types. These distinct forms are caused by changes (or variants) in the gene encoding that trait.